Abstract

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. This study investigates the prevalence of PCOS, focusing on patient-related and disease-related factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to explore obstetricians' and gynecologists' perspectives on the diagnosis, prevalence, and management of PCOS. A total of 35 specialists, each with at least three years of clinical experience, participated. The survey included open-ended questions covering patient-related factors (e.g., symptoms, lifestyle) and disease-related aspects (e.g., prevalence, diagnostic methods, treatment). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews from January to April 2022, ensuring confidentiality and standardized procedures to minimize bias. This study analyzed PCOS's prevalence, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. The highest prevalence (62.9%) was observed in the 20–29 age group, declining with age. Unknown causes accounted for 51.42% of cases, followed by hormonal and genetic factors (41.42% each). Menstrual irregularity (80%) was the most common symptom. Ultrasound was the primary diagnostic tool (82.85%), while metformin was the most prescribed treatment (71.42%). PCOS was the most prevalent condition among gynecological disorders (57.14%). These findings highlight the significant burden of PCOS and the need for improved management strategies. Our study concluded that the PCOS remains a significant health concern both globally and within Libya. Highlights the necessity for heightened awareness, early screening, and tailored management strategies. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying causes of regional prevalence variations and to develop culturally appropriate interventions that address the unique needs of the Libyan female population.

Keywords: PCOS, Hyperandrogenism, Endocrine Disorders, Infertility.

This study was conducted to evaluate the surface roughness, shore hardness, and dimensional accuracy of commercially obtainable Prosthodontic polymer impression material in terms of imbibition after immersion in two different media and without disinfection. This in vitro study was designed to investigate the surface properties of polymer impression materials before and after disinfection by immersion. Materials with different consistencies (alginate (irreversible hydrocolloid), condensation silicone (putty), and addition silicone (putty) impression materials) were investigated. The tested null hypothesis was the fact that there would be no significant differences in surface properties among these Prosthodontic polymer impression materials. Two disinfecting agents, Zeta 7 solution and ASEPTOPRINT, were used to assess the surface roughness, hardness, and dimensional accuracy of the impression material. The weights of the discs of the Prosthodontic polymer impression material samples were measured before and immediately after immersion to determine if there was a change in the properties of the material. study was conducted at the Advanced Medical Polymer Group in the Libyan Polymer Research Center to evaluate the surface properties of prosthodontic polymer impression materials. Data analysis included mean, standard deviation, and One-way ANOVA calculations. The study showed that the surface properties of dental polymer impression materials were affected by disinfection methods. Specifically, for alginate material, there were significant differences in surface properties between the control group (before immersion) and after immersion in zeta 7 solution and ASEPTOPRINT spray. However, for addition silicone (putty), there was a significant difference in surface properties between the control group and after immersion in zeta 7 solution, while immersion in spray did not show a significant difference. For condensation silicone (putty) material, there were significant differences in surface properties between the control group

Abstract

A hallmark of malignancy is the ability of a tumor to disseminate and metastasize, a process that requires specific cellular adaptations. The American Joint Committee on Cancer developed the TNM staging system to classify malignancies and guide treatment strategies, reflecting the biological behavior and clinical outcomes of cancers. Despite its usefulness, ongoing efforts aim to identify additional diagnostic and prognostic parameters to improve accuracy and treatment outcomes. One such parameter is tumor budding, a distinctive morphological feature observed in epithelial cancers. tumor budding is characterized by single tumor cells or small clusters of up to four cells that detach from the invasive front and invade the surrounding stroma. First described in colorectal cancer, tumor budding has since been widely investigated and recognized as a predictor of adverse outcomes, including lymph node invasion, local and distant metastasis, lymph vascular invasion, and poor survival rates across multiple cancer types. Independent of pathological stage, tumor budding correlates with aggressive tumor behavior, highlighting its prognostic significance. In urothelial cancers, tumor budding has been linked to stage progression, distant metastasis, and survival outcomes, particularly in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This review examines the mechanisms underlying tumor budding, its clinical significance across various tumor types, and its prognostic implications in epithelial cancers. Understanding these factors could provide valuable insights into integrating tumor budding into routine pathological assessments and improving cancer management strategies

Abstract

This study aimed to assess bariatric obesity surgery as an alternative to anti-obesity strategies. Forty-five bariatric patients were consecutively selected for participation. Information on each patient's demographics, weight, height, and comorbidities was gathered, followed by the use of the Bariatric Quality of Life Questionnaire. 60% of patients reported feeling exhausted prior to the procedure; however, this percentage dramatically decreased to only 33.33% after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, before surgery, 66% of patients had a history of sleep apnea and breathing cessation during sleep, and 46% of patients had a history of snoring. Following the bariatric procedure, these problems were fixed. The psychiatric assessment section indicated that 53.33% of patients experienced depression following gastric surgery. Additionally, 46.66% of patients reported persistent feelings of anger and anxiety. Post-operative concerns included fears of gastric leaks, loss of happiness, diminished passion, remorse after surgery, sleep disorders, and suicidal thoughts, each occurring at varying rates. Only 33.33% of participants had received psychological support. Patients frequently report significant improvements in their health and quality of life after bariatric surgery, which is the most long-lasting and successful treatment option for morbid obesity. However, a significant minority of patients experience psychological complications, including, but not limited to post post-gastric surgery depression, patients always feel angry and have anxiety.

The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare the fracture toughness of monolithic zirconia and multilayered zirconia, two commonly used materials in prosthodontic restorations. Fracture toughness is a key mechanical property that determines a material’s resistance to crack propagation under stress, which is crucial for the longevity and performance of dental restorations. A total of 20 zirconia discs (10 monolithic and 10 multilayered) were fabricated using Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. The discs were subjected to loading and fracture toughness was measured using the indentation method with a Vickers micro-hardness tester. The fracture toughness values for monolithic zirconia (Group 1) were significantly higher than those for multilayered zirconia (Group 2), with mean values of 5.394 ± 0.378 MPa·m1/2and 4.358 ± 0.394 MPa·m1/2, respectively (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that monolithic zirconia offers superior mechanical performance, making it a more suitable material for high-stress applications, while multilayered zirconia may be preferred for anterior restorations, where esthetics are prioritized. The study highlights the trade-off between mechanical strength and esthetic appeal in the selection of zirconia materials for dental restorations and provides valuable insights for optimizing material choice in clinical prosthodontics.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the microhardness of monolithic zirconia and multilayered zirconia to investigate the influence of material composition and structural design on their mechanical properties. Cylindrical specimens were designed using AutoCAD software and fabricated from monolithic zirconia (Group A) and multilayered zirconia (Group B blocks via CAD/CAM milling systems. The specimens were sectioned into discs with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm. Microhardness testing was performed on these discs using a standardized protocol. Statistical analysis was conducted using a student’s t-test (P < 0.05) with a sample size of 10 specimens per group to ensure 80% power and 95% confidence. Results revealed significant differences in microhardness between monolithic and multilayered zirconia. Monolithic zirconia exhibited superior hardness, attributable to its single-layered structure, which enhances its mechanical strength and wear resistance. In contrast, multilayered zirconia, while exhibiting lower microhardness, demonstrated esthetic advantages due to its gradient layering and maintained sufficient durability for clinical use. The findings underscore the impact of zirconia composition and structural design on mechanical properties, providing clinicians with valuable insights for material selection. While monolithic zirconia is ideal for high-load posterior restorations, multilayered zirconia offers an esthetic solution with adequate mechanical performance, making it suitable for anterior applications. 

The diverse array of restorative materials utilized in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their aesthetic properties and color stability. This study aimed to evaluate the color stability of two different types of zirconia after immersion in Chlorhexidine and ANTIPLACA mouthwashes. We prepared 30 zirconia specimens (n = 15) as follows: Group 1 consisted of monolithic zirconia and group 2 consisted of KATANA™ YML Zirconia. Groups 1 and 2 were divided into three subgroups (n = 5). Each subgroup was immersed in one of the following three solutions: distilled water (control), CHX, or ANTIPLACA 0%Alcohol. We recorded the samples’ color values at baseline and after immersion according to the CIELab system by using a color spectrophotometer operated by an experienced operator. All data were collected and analyzed using Graph Pad Instat (Graph Pad, Inc.) software for windows. Irrespective of group totally it was found that immersion solutions significantly affected on mean values as revealed by two-way ANOVA test (p=<0.0001< 0.05) where (0% Alcohol > CHX ≥ DW). Mouthwashes staining had a marked effect on the color of the tested zirconia materials. The color change was material and staining solution-dependent, with Monolithic Zirconia showing the greatest color stability.

Oral health and dental care are essential components of overall health, encompassing the absence of conditions such as oral and facial pain, cancers of the mouth and throat, infections, ulcers, gum dis ease, tooth decay, and tooth loss. These conditions can significantly impair an individual’s ability to bite, chew, smile, and speak. Cigarette smoking poses a major public health concern due to its con tribution to the proliferation of pathogenic microbes, as well as its role in oral cancer, gingivitis, tooth discoloration, halitosis, and other adverse health outcome. This study aims to assess the preva lence of dental care practices, smoking habits, and dental caries among students of the College of Engineering at El-Mergib University, located in Al-Khums. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a total of 250 students. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, version 2010. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate participants' self-perception of dental care, oral health, oral hygiene practices, dental caries, bleeding gums, and smoking habits. The findings indicated a slightly higher prevalence of dental caries and smoking among participants who reported good oral hygiene practices, such as regular tooth cleaning and dental visits. The study advocates for the development of preventive health and oral hygiene programs to improve overall oral health. 

Abstract— Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow out of control and spread to other body parts. cancer is an ongoing global challenge. It is a leading cause of disease worldwide. Most cancer deaths each year are related to lung, colorectal, stomach, and breast cancers. Detection of disease in early stages, enabling more effective treatment and reducing morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of different types of cancers in Libya. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out, the data was collected by visiting the Oncology Centre in Misrata, reviewing the records, and recording data on the prevalence of different types of tumours from 2018 to 2022. Results: The number of cases rises every year, the overall number of cancer cases is rising annually: 1198 cases were reported in 2018, 1143 cases in 2019, 1422 cases in 2020, 1533 cases in 2021, and 1640 cases in 2022. The breast cancer was the most prevalent type of cancer during the period 2018-2022, the following results were recorded 21.45%, 20.9%, 22.6% 24.9% and 23.7% respectively. Followed by colon cancer was recorded at 16.4%, 15.7%, 17.2%, 18.4% and 15.6 respectively, followed by lung cancer was recorded at 7.8%, 7.9%, 10.6%, 8% and 9%. the fourth to ten grades are often confined between lymphoma, ovary, prostate, leukemia, pancreas, sarcoma and brain tumor. According to our results, we concluded that there is a clear increase in the number of cases of various types of cancer in Libya every year. Early detection is the first line of defence against this dangerous disease. People need to be sensitised to regular check-ups. The government should provide the requirements for detection and treatment.

Keywords— Breast cancer, Colon cancer, Lung cancer, Lymphoma, Ovary cancer, Prostate cancer, Leukemia, Pancreas cancer, Sarcoma and Brain tumor, Prevalence of cancer in Libya.

ABSTRACT

Diagnostic radiation such as X-rays and CT scans play a central role in the diagnosis of diseases. Excessive radiation exposure poses a high risk for healthcare providers as well as patients, which may cause serious diseases such as cancer. Providing protection requirements in the radiation departments and continuous inspection to prevent radiation leakage is the right way to provide human protection. The current study aimed to evaluate the safety rate in the diagnostic radiology departments in Alkhoms City. The questionnaire designed for the study in Arabic language, presented to experts for verification and review, then distributed to eleven medical centres in the Alkhoms region containing many relevant questions regarding the radiology department such as the name and address of a medical centre, in-formation about users and safety. Lead plates are present in 91% of health centres 36% of health centres installed lead plates for 1-5 years, 27% for 6-10 years, and 36% for 21 years or more. Lead plates are inspected once in 27%, three times in 9%, and four times or more in 9% of medical centres, on the other hand, 56% of medical centres didn’t inspect lead plates since installed. The lead plates last examined in 27% of medical centres a year ago, in 9% examined less than five years ago, and in 9% examined less than twenty years ago. On the other hand, 56% of medical centres have not performed any check-ups since installation. Protection glass and lead plates are present in 82% of medical centres, a radiation protection gown is present in 36%, and a dosimeter is present in 9% of medical centres only. Only 18% of health centres have organised a training programme for their radiology department staff. The safety rate in radiology departments in Alkhoms City- Libya is low because most medical centres lack protective equipment, and if they do, there is no regular inspection or testing of this equipment.

Key words: X-rays, Radiation, CT, Risk of radiation, Dosimeter.